Humans as food bookreader3/21/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() This was clearly an improvement over rapidly roasting meat by fire, as slow cooking gives time for the collagen in tough connective tissue to break down to gelatin this process takes at least several hours, and often much longer, depending on the age of the animal and where the meat comes from in the animal. The bones of many types of animals, including large mammoths, have been found in and around ancient earth ovens. The pits were filled with hot coals and ashes to heat the stones food, presumably wrapped in leaves, was placed on top of the ashes everything was covered with earth and the food was allowed to roast very slowly. These were large pits dug in the ground and lined with stones. Then, about 30,000 years ago, “earth ovens” were developed in central Europe. Physical evidence shows that cooking food on hot stones may have been the only adaptation during the earliest phases of cooking. The lack of physical evidence suggests early humans did little to modify the control and use of fire for cooking for hundreds of thousands of years, which is quite surprising, given that they developed fairly elaborate tools for hunting during this time, as well as creating some of the first examples of cave art about 64,000 years ago. Clearly, the controlled use of fire to cook food was an extremely important element in the biological and social evolution of early humans, whether it started 400,000 or 2 million years ago.
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